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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Old Tatar language ： ウィキペディア英語版 Old Tatar language The Old Tatar language (also Old Bashkir language,〔«Кыпчакские языки Урало-Поволжья: опыт синхронической диахронической характеристики» Т. М. Гарипов. М.: Наука, 1979〕 Volga Turki) was a literary language used among the some ethnic groups of Volga-Ural region (Tatars, Bashkirs and others) from the Middle Ages till the 19th century. It was a regional variety of Turki, a written Turkic language used throughout the Muslim Turkic world. Old Tatar is a member of the Kipchak (or Northwestern) group of Turkic languages, although it is partly derived from the ancient Bolgar language (the first poem, considered to be written by Qol Ghali in Old Tatar dates back to Volga Bulgaria's epoch). It included many Persian and Arabic loans. In its written form the language was spelled uniformly among different ethnic groups, speaking different Turkic languages of the Kipchak group, but pronunciation differed from one people to another, approximating to the spoken language, making this written form universal for different languages. The main reason for this universal usage was that the principal differences between the languages of the Kipchak group are in the pronunciation of the vowels, which was not adequately represented by the Arabic script. The language formerly used the Arabic script and later its variant İske imlâ. The Old Tatar Language is a language of Idel-Ural poetry and literature. With the Ottoman Turkish, Azeri, Kipchak, Uigur〔Outstanding examples of the Uigur Middle Age literature are Yusuf Balasaghuni ''Qutatqu Bilik'' (''Wisdom Of Royal Glory'') (1069–70) and Mahmut Kashgari ''Divan-i Lugat-it Türk'' (''Dictionary of Turkic Dialects'') (1072)〕 and Chagatai, they were the only Turkic literary languages used in the Middle Ages. It was actively used in publishing until 1905, when the first Tatar newspaper started being published in modern Tatar, which until then had been used only in a spoken form. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Tatar language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.